| Birthday | December 22, 1887 |
| Nationality | Indian |
| Sun Sign | Sagittarius |
| Died At Age | 32(Chetput) |
| Famous | Poorly Educated, Mathematician |
| Spouse/Ex | Janaki Ammal |
| Father | K. Srinivasa Iyengar |
| Mother | Komalat Ammal |
| Siblings | Sadagopan |
| Place Of Death | Chetput |
| Notable Alumni | University Of Madras |
| Education | Town Higher Secondary School, 1906 - Government Arts College, Kumbakonam, Pachaiyappa's College, 1920 - Trinity College, Cambridge, 1919 - University Of Cambridge, 1916 - University Of Cambridge, University Of Madras |
Srinivasa Ramanujan was born on December 22, 1887, in Erode, British India, a small town in the southern piece of the nation. Soon after this birth, his family moved to Kumbakonam, where his dad worked as clerk in cloth shop. On 1 October 1892, Ramanujan was enrolled at the local school. After his maternal grandfather lost his job as a court official in Kanchipuram, Ramanujan and his mother moved back to Kumbakonam and he was enrolled in the Kangayan Primary School. When his paternal grandfather died, he was sent back to his maternal grandparents, then living in Madras. He did not like school in Madras, and tried to avoid attending. Within six months, Ramanujan was back in Kumbakonam.
At mid-teenage he got an outdated book called "A Synopsis of Elementary Results" in Pure and Applied Mathematics, which played an instrumental role in awakening his mathematical genius. By the time he was in his late-teens, he had already investigated the Bernoulli numbers and had calculated the Euler–Mascheroni constant up to 15 decimal places. He was, however, so consumed by mathematics that he was unable to focus on any other subject in college and thus could not complete his degree. After years of struggling, he was able to publish his first paper in the ‘Journal of the Indian Mathematical Society’ which helped him gain recognition. He moved to England and began working with the renowned mathematician G. H. Hardy. Their partnership, though productive, was short-lived as Ramanujan died of an illness at the age of just 32.
Childhood and Early Life
- Srinivasa Ramanujan was born in 22 December 1887 in Erode, Madras Presidency, to K. Srinivasa Iyengar and his better half Komalatammal. His family was a modest one and his father worked as a clerk in a cloth shop. His mother gave birth to two more child but none survived.
- In December 1889, Ramanujan contracted smallpox, though he recovered, unlike 4,000 others who would die in a bad year in the Thanjavur district around this time.
- On 1 October 1892, Ramanujan was enrolled at the local school. Later he was moved back to Kumbakonam and he was enrolled in the Kangayan Primary School. When his paternal grandfather died, he was sent back to his maternal grandparents, then living in Madras.
- After passing out from Kangayan Primary School, he enrolled at Town Higher Secondary School in 1897. During that time he discovered a book on "Advanced trigonometry written by S. L. Loney" which he mastered when he was just 13 years old. He proved as a brilliant student and persued several academic awards and merit certificates.
- In 1903, he discovered a book called ‘A Synopsis of Elementary Results in Pure and Applied Mathematics’ by G.S. Carr which was a collection of 5000 theorems. The book is generally acknowledged as a key element in awakening his genius.
- At 17 years age, Ramanujan independently developed and investigated the Bernoulli numbers and calculated the Euler–Mascheroni constant up to 15 decimal places.
- Krishnaswami Iyer, Headmaster of his school introduced Ramanujan as an outstanding student who deserved scores higher than the maximum.
- When he graduated from Town Higher Secondary School in 1904, Ramanujan was awarded the K. Ranganatha Rao prize for mathematics by the school's headmaster, Krishnaswami Iyer.
- After Completing of High School, Ramanujan received scholarship to study at Government Arts College, Kumbakonam, but was so intent on mathematics that he could not focus on any other subjects and failed most of them, losing his scholarship in the process.
- He later enrolled at Pachaiyappa's College in Madras. There he passed in mathematics, choosing only to attempt questions that appealed to him and leaving the rest unanswered, but performed poorly in other subjects, such as English, physiology and Sanskrit. Ramanujan failed his Fellow of Arts exam in December 1906.
- In 1907, he left college without a college degree, and continued to pursue independent research in mathematics, living in extreme poverty and often on the brink of starvation.
Later Life
- On 14 July 1909, Ramanujan married Janakiammal (21 March 1899 – 13 April 1994), a girl whom his mother had selected for him a year earlier and who was ten years old when they married.
- After dropping out of college, he struggled to make a living and lived in poverty for a while. He also suffered from poor health and had to undergo a surgery in 1910. After recuperating, he continued his search for a job.
- He tutored some college students while desperately searching for a clerical position in Madras. Finally he had a meeting with deputy collector V. Ramaswamy Aiyer, who had recently founded the Indian Mathematical Society. Impressed by the young man’s works, Aiyer sent him with letters of introduction to R. Ramachandra Rao, the district collector for Nellore and the secretary of the Indian Mathematical Society.
- Rao, though initially skeptical of the young man’s abilities soon changed his mind after Ramanujan discussed elliptic integrals, hypergeometric series, and his theory of divergent series with him. Rao agreed to help him get a job and also promised to financially fund his research.
- Ramanujan got a clerical post with the Madras Port Trust, and continued his research with the financial help from Rao. His first paper, a 17-page work on Bernoulli numbers, was published with the help of Ramaswamy Aiyer, in the ‘Journal of the Indian Mathematical Society’ in 1911.
- The publication of his paper helped him gain attention for his works, and soon he was popular among the mathematical fraternity in India. Wishing to further explore research in mathematics, Ramanujan began a correspondence with the acclaimed English mathematician, Godfrey H. Hardy, in 1913.
- Hardy was very impressed with Ramanujan’s works and helped him get a special scholarship from the University of Madras and a grant from Trinity College, Cambridge. Thus Ramanujan travelled to England in 1914 and worked alongside Hardy who mentored and collaborated with the young Indian.
- In spite of having almost no formal training in mathematics, Ramanujan’s knowledge of mathematics was astonishing. Even though he had no knowledge of the modern developments in the subject, he effortlessly worked out the Riemann series, the elliptic integrals, hypergeometric series, and the functional equations of the zeta function.
- However, his lack of formal training also meant that he had no knowledge of doubly periodic functions, the classical theory of quadratic forms, or Cauchy’s theorem. Also, several of his theorems on the theory of prime numbers were wrong.
- In England, he finally got the opportunity to interact with other gifted mathematicians like his mentor, Hardy, and made several further advances, especially in the partition of numbers. His papers were published in European journals, and he was awarded a Bachelor of Science degree by research in March 1916 for his work on highly composite numbers. His brilliant career was however cut short by his untimely death.
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Major Works
Considered to be a mathematical genius, Srinivasa Ramanujan, was regarded at par with the likes of Leonhard Euler and Carl Jacobi. Along with Hardy, he studied the partition function P(n) extensively and gave a non-convergent asymptotic series that permits exact computation of the number of partitions of an integer. Their work led to the development of a new method for finding asymptotic formulae, called the circle method. In the three notebook of Ramanujan there contain more than 4000 theorems and formulas; and in the "Lost Notebook of Ramanujan" there found more than 600 formulas.
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Awards and Achievements
- He was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society in 1918, as one of the youngest Fellows in the history of the Royal Society. He was elected "for his investigation in Elliptic functions and the Theory of Numbers."
- The same year, he was also elected a Fellow of Trinity College—the first Indian to be so honored.
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Personal Life and Legacy
- He was married to a ten-year-old girl named Janakiammal in July 1909 when he was in his early 20s. The marriage was arranged by his mother. The couple did not have any children, and it is possible that the marriage was never consummated.
- Ramanujan suffered from various health problems throughout his life. His health declined considerably while he was living in England as the climatic conditions did not suit him. Also, he was a vegetarian who found it extremely difficult to obtain nutritious vegetarian food in England.
- He was diagnosed with tuberculosis and a severe vitamin deficiency during the late 1910s and returned home to Madras in 1919. He never fully recovered and breathed his last on 26 April 1920, aged just 32.
- His birthday, 22 December, is celebrated as 'State IT Day' in his home state of Tamil Nadu. On the 125th anniversary of his birth, India declared his birthday as 'National Mathematics Day.'
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Interesting Facts About Ramanujan
- Ramanujan was a lonely child in school as his peers could never understand him.
- He hailed from a poor family and used a slate instead of paper to jot down the results of his derivations.
- He did not receive any formal training in pure mathematics!
- He lost his scholarship to study at Government Arts College as he was so obsessed with mathematics that he failed to clear other subjects.
- Ramanujan did not possess a college degree.
- He wrote to several prominent mathematicians, but most of them did not even respond as they dismissed him as a crank due to the lack of sophistication in his works.
- He became a victim of racism in England.
- The number 1729 is called Hardy-Ramanujan number in his honor following an incident regarding a taxi with this number.
- A biographical film in Tamil based on Ramanujan’s life was released in 2014.
- Google honored him on his 125th birth anniversary by replacing its logo with a doodle on its home page.
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